• Book : 1076()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.170513-170513
• Keyword :

This study constructed a predictive model for occurrence of radiation esophagitis during breast-cancer radiotherapy. 308 breast-cancer patients were analyzed. Lasso regression identified crucial variables that were further integrated into a radiation esophagitis risk score, which was used to segregate patients into high- and low-risk groups. A nomogram model was designed for clinical applicability. Training and validations were performed to assess robustness and generalizability of proposed models, employing C-index, AUCs, calibration curves, and decision curves. SHAP algorithm was used for model interpretation, offering insights into the major contributory factors. Seven significant variables were identified by Lasso regression. C-indexes of nomograms of individual clinical variables and risk score were 0.795 and 0.784, respectively, exhibiting strong predictive ability. In internal validation, AUCs for risk score, nomogram, and logistic models were 0.784, 0.795, and 0.812, respectively. Calibration curves showed a close fit between predicted and observed outcomes across models. Decision curve analysis indicated logistic model’s superior clinical utility when the risk threshold was above 0.2. SHAP interpretation emphasized radiation dose, pruritus, molecular type, and hepatic dysfunction as top contributory factors for radiation esophagitis. Models based on interpretable machine learning offer an intuitive tool to assess risk of radiation esophagitis in breast-cancer radiotherapy.

• Book : 23(2)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page :
• Keyword :

Abstract The energy sector is the most influential industry for the successful functioning of the states’ economy and general daily life maintenance. One of the future targets of the Baltic states is reaching the continental European energy network integrity and securing it. Furthermore, regional independence of the energy networks apart from eastern neighboring countries is of the most significant importance as the existing electricity grid is still synchronized with the supply systems of Russia and Belarus. During a tense geopolitical situation, it is crucial to search for alternative energy production options in terms of environmentally friendly and sustainable energy sources and economically viable alternatives. The Baltic states already have hydropower capacity, and Latvia is a leading country in this regard. Also, the energy production sector based on wind power use is developing significantly, and in this niche, the dominant one is Lithuania. Another alternative mentioned at the interstate level is the construction opportunity of a small modular reactor for nuclear fission, where Estonia has taken the first assessment step. In any case, but most significantly for the latter option, the regional geological and environmental situation determines where such strategic energy objects can be safely situated. The dynamic progression of climate change in boreal regions, including the Baltic states, may endanger the structural integrity of energy production infrastructure objects; therefore, geotechnical investigation serves as a key stage in the objects’ construction planning.

• Book : 1474(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.012020-012020
• Keyword :

일본 사회에서 북한에 대한 인식은 핵･미사일 개발, 일본인 납치 문제 등 외교･안보 이슈에 크게 영향을 받으며, 대체로 부정적이다. 이러한 인식은 재일조선인총연합회(조총련)와 재일조선인에 대한 사회적 불신과 차별로 이어져, 제도적･사회적 차별을 심화시키는 결과를 초래했다. 영화 󰡔가족의 나라󰡕(かぞくのくに, Our Homeland, 2012)는 일본 사회의 북한 인식을 배경으로 조선적 재일조선인의 현실을 묘사했다. 영화는 북한귀국사업이 종결된 역사가 아닌, 오늘날까지도 조선적 재일조선인의 현실을 좌우하는 주요한 사건으로 조명하며, 북한과 재일조선인 귀국자, 그리고 그 가족의 관계를 탐색했다. 그 과정에서 귀국자 성호의 경험은 리에의 시선을 통해 규정되면서 그의 주체적 목소리가 충분히 반영되지 않은 한계를 보였다. 성호는 억압적인 북한 체제의 피해자라는 일반화 속에서 그의 현실을 초래한 가해 측에 대한 비난과 비판, 대립과 갈등을 강화하는 기제로 작용했다. 그러나 영화는 리에의 시선을 변화시키는 서사적 장치를 마련하고 카메라의 시선을 통해 성호와 리에, 양 동무와 조총련 관계자들, 리에의 부모를 각각 조명해서 개인들의 복합적인 처지와 내적 갈등을 조명하려 노력했다. 결과적으로 영화 󰡔가족의 나라󰡕는 북한 주민, 북한 귀국자, 조선적 재일조선인의 가해와 피해에 기반한 갈등과 대립을 심화하기보다는 인물들 각각의 경험을 조명함으로써 입체적인 논의를 위한 장을 마련했다.

• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.91-113
• Keyword :

• Book : 7()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.100191-100191
• Keyword :

• Book : ()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page :
• Keyword :

Abstract Background The distinct tumor histopathology, molecular features, and psychosocial needs among adolescents and young adults (AYA) with brain tumors pose challenges within traditional healthcare systems. Establishing a multidisciplinary AYA neuro-oncology clinic has been proposed to address these gaps in care. This is the first study to describe the framework and patient profile of a multidisciplinary AYA neuro-oncology clinic in a quaternary cancer center in Canada. Methods Clinic framework was outlined and patients seen from December 2022 to June 2024 were included. Demographic profile, tumor characteristics, treatment details, clinical trial enrollment, and allied health referrals were collected. Barriers encountered were summarized. Results The clinic is composed of specialists in pediatric and adult neuro-oncology with seamless referrals to neurosurgery, radiation oncology, and allied health teams. A total of 100 patients (males 54%, females 46%) were seen with a median age of 24 years. Pediatric-type low grade glioma (PLGG) was the leading diagnosis. BRAF alterations were the primary molecular drivers. Twenty-nine patients received active neuro-oncology management in the clinic. Overall, 77 patients underwent at least one surgery, 31 patients received radiotherapy, and 43 patients received chemotherapy. Trametinib was the primary targeted treatment prescribed. Three patients were eligible and enrolled in clinical trials. Barriers identified included lack of peer support groups and paucity of available clinical trials. Conclusion This study provides insight into the clinical profile of patients seen in a multidisciplinary AYA neuro-oncology clinic in Canada. Multidisciplinary care is feasible and integral in addressing the multifaceted needs of AYAs with brain tumors.

• Book : ()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page :
• Keyword :

Abstract Purpose of Review While the oncogenic potential of HPV has been well-established in other disease sites (e.g. cervix, vulva, anus), it is increasingly evident that a significant proportion of oropharyngeal cancer cases are related to the virus. Although considerable progress has been made in the understanding of this disease with respect to its underlying biology and clinical behavior, numerous questions persist. From a therapeutic standpoint, HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer has been shown to be more radiosensitive than HPV-negative disease. However, how HPV mediates this radiosensitivity is relatively uncertain. Recent Findings Given that it has been firmly established that patients with HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer have a significantly improved prognosis as a result of their exquisite response to radiation and can be treated with less-than-standard doses, logical questions pertain to how HPV confers this benefit to infected patients. Although the exact reason for the improved radiosensitivity of HPV-positive oropharyngeal carcinoma is unclear, multiple theories have been proposed. Indeed, it is likely that no single explanation exists for the increased radiosensitivity, and instead, HPV likely exerts its influence through a cascade of activated pathways at both the cellular level and tumor microenvironment. As will be discussed in this review, the proposed mechanisms for HPV-induced radiation response have generally centered on the disruption of such cellular pathways as DNA repair, cell cycle checkpoints, metabolic-induced stress, immunology, and cancer stem cells. Summary Given that HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer is increasingly recognized as a public health problem, the search to better understand its unique biological radiosensitivity has important societal and treatment-related implications.

• Book : ()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page :
• Keyword :

Phased telomere-to-telomere (T2T) genome assemblies are revolutionizing our understanding of long-hidden genome biology dark matter such as centromeres, rDNA repeats, inter-haplotype variation, and allele-specific expression (ASE). Yet insights into dikaryotic fungi that separate their haploid genomes into distinct nuclei are limited. Here we explore the impact of dikaryotism on the genome biology of a long-term asexual clone of the wheat pathogenic fungusPuccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici. We use Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) duplex sequencing combined with Hi-C to generate a T2T nuclear-phased assembly with >99.999% consensus accuracy. We show that this fungus has large regional centromeres enriched in LTR retrotransposons, with a single centromeric dip in methylation that suggests one kinetochore attachment site per chromosome. The centromeres of homologous chromosomes are most often highly diverse in sequence and kinetochore attachment sites are not always positionally conserved. Each nucleus carries a unique array of rDNAs with >200 copies that harbour nucleus-specific sequence variations. The inter-haplotype diversity between the two nuclear genomes is shaped by large-scale structural variations linked to transposable elements. ONT long-read cDNA analysis across dormancy and distinct host infection conditions revealed pervasive ASE for nearly 20% of the heterozygous genes. Genes encoding secreted proteins, including putative virulence effectors, are significantly enriched in ASE genes which appear to be linked to elevated CpG gene body methylation of the lower-expressed allele. This suggests that epigenetically regulated ASE is likely a previously overlooked mechanism facilitating plant infection. Overall, our study reveals how dikaryotism uniquely shapes key eukaryotic genome features.

• Book : ()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.gr.280359.124-gr.280359.124
• Keyword :

• Book : ()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page :
• Keyword :