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IntroductionThis study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic properties of ursodeoxycholic (UDCA) and chenodeoxycholic (CDCA) bile acids in a rat model of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI).MethodsThe study included six groups of Wistar rats exposed to different pretreatments. The control and endotoxin groups were pretreated with propylene glycol, a solvent for bile acids, while the other groups received UDCA or CDCA for 10 days. On the 10th day, an endotoxin injection was given to evaluate the impact of these pretreatments. Lung tissue sections were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, targeting the pro-inflammatory marker nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), the anti-apoptotic marker B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2), pro-apoptotic markers BCL-2-associated X protein (BAX) and caspase 3, as well as the aquaporins 1 and 5 (AQP1 and AQP5). Oxidative stress was assessed in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF).Results and discussionThis study demonstrates that UDCA and CDCA can mitigate endotoxin-induced lung injury in rats. These effects are achieved through modulation of AQP1 and AQP5 expression, reduction of oxidative stress, regulation of apoptotic pathways (BAX, caspase 3, BCL-2), and attenuation of pro-inflammatory activity of NF-κB. Although the results indicate a significant association between the expression of these proteins and histopathological changes, the potential influence of additional factors cannot be excluded. These findings suggest that UDCA and CDCA provide lung protection by acting through complex mechanisms involving inflammatory, oxidative, and apoptotic pathways.- Book : ()
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AbstractCapparisL. (Capparaceae) is a genus of approximately 145 species, many of which have an ancient history of human use. Australia harbours 21 accepted species ofCapparis, including the widespread and taxonomically complexCapparis spinosaL., two phrase-named species, and two putative new species; however, the relationships of these species and their taxonomic status remains to be tested. Here, we present the first phylogenetic trees containing all species of AustralianCapparisbased on the nuclear Angiosperms353 loci. Paralogous gene sequences were identified and handled through ASTRAL-Pro and orthology inference to estimate three species trees using coalescent and concatenated approaches. Phylogenetic discordance was characterised and investigated with a whole-genome duplication analysis. All three trees resolveCapparisas monophyletic and indicate that a whole-genome duplication event occurred in the ancestor of all AustralianCapparisspecies.Capparissect.CapparisandC.sect.Busbeckea(Endl.) Hook.f. are monophyletic, butC. sect.MonostichocalyxRadlk. is non-monophyletic. We infer thatCapparislikely expanded its range to Australia multiple times, resulting in markedly different patterns of diversification and evolution in different clades. The relationships of species within sect.Busbeckeadiffer across trees and are generally poorly supported presumably due to rapid radiation following a second whole-genome duplication event. The relationships of taxa within sect.Capparisand the clades of sect.Monostichocalyxare well-supported, with some evidence of incomplete lineage sorting. We find that the three morphotypes ofCapparis spinosasubsp.nummularia(DC.) Fici across northern Australia consistently form three clades, distinct from the closely relatedCapparis spinosasubsp.cordifolia(Lam.) Fici found outside of Australia. Based on this phylogenomic analysis and morphological study, we describe five new species and two new subspecies ofCapparis, bringing the total number of species in Australia to 26. The phrase-named taxaC. sp. Bamaga (V.Scarth-Johnson 1048A) Qld Herbarium andC. sp. Coen (L.S.Smith 11862) Qld Herbarium are formally described asC. xylofructaW.E.Cooper andC. megacarpaW.E.Cooper, respectively, andC. platyangulataW.E.Cooper & Joyce andC. splendidissimaW.E.Cooper are newly described.Capparis loranthifoliavar.bancroftiiC.T.White ex M.Jacobs is raised to species level asC. bancroftii(C.T.White ex M.Jacobs) W.E.Cooper & Joyce.Capparis spinosasubsp.nummulariais split into three subspecies:C. spinosasubsp.minor(Domin) W.E.Cooper & Joyce, distributed in Northern Territory and inland Queensland;C. spinosasubsp.insularisW.E.Cooper & Joyce distributed on islands off northern Queensland, andC. spinosasubsp.nummulariawhich is restricted to Western Australia and the far north west of the Northern Territory. Descriptions and notes on habitat and distribution are included for all new taxa, and an identification key is provided for all AustralianCapparistaxa.- Book : ()
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2025
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2025
Abstract
Introduction Concurrent chemoradiation is the treatment of choice for unresectable locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC). Recent progress toward an effective chemotherapeutic regime has seen improvement in systemic control; however, local control remains a significant issue. One strategy to improve local control and survival is stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT).
Objectives This study aims to describe the clinical and treatment characteristics of patients with unresectable LAPC treated with SBRT and to assess the outcome.
Material and Methods This is a retrospective observation study of case series involving patients treated with SBRT from January 2015 to December 2023 with unresectable LAPC. Data were recorded from the electronic medical records of the hospital-based cancer registry, and overall survival was calculated using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software.
Result We enrolled four patients in this study. This group consisted of four patients with unresectable LAPC who were treated with the FOLFORINOX (folinic acid, fluorouracil, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin) chemotherapy regime followed by SBRT. For most patients, the radiotherapy dose was 30 to 40 Gy five times per week. These patients exhibited no acute or late toxicity, with 5 to 18 months overall survival.
Conclusion Chemotherapy followed by SBRT is an effective treatment in unresectable LAPC besides chemoradiation.- Book : ()
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2025
This study investigates the clinical efficacy of MRI-based adaptive brachytherapy (IGABT) using combined intracavitary and interstitial techniques in the curative treatment of patients with advanced cervical cancer (LACC). A retrospective analysis was conducted on 149 LACC patients treated at a single center. The therapeutic protocol included intensity-modulated external beam radiotherapy (IMRT) and IGABT. Dosimetric parameters were evaluated for relevance for local control (LC), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) using Kaplan–Meier estimation, Cox regression, and log-rank test. Patients predominantly presented with stage III/IV tumors (81%, FIGO 2018). The median high-risk clinical target volume (hrCTV) was 34 cm3, with a median D90% dose of 88.9 GyEQD2. At 24 months, OS, PFS, and LC rates were 86%, 57%, and 81%, respectively. FIGO stage, tumor volume, and histology were significant predictors of PFS. Higher total hrCTV doses were strongly correlated with improved LC and PFS, emphasizing the importance of precise dosimetric optimization in IGABT and confirming the critical role of IGABT in achieving very good LC rates for LACC. The reported LC rates are comparable to landmark studies, such as INTERLACE and KEYNOTE-A18. This study validates the effectiveness of MRI-guided IGABT in enhancing local tumor control in advanced-stage cervical cancer while providing insights into the prognostic implications of dosimetric parameters such as hrCTV and point A. Future research should address the persistent challenge of distant metastases by exploring the integration of novel systemic treatment options.- Book : 32(3)
- Pub. Date : 2025
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