• Book : ()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.101712-101712
• Keyword :

Using the color dipole picture for photon-nucleus interactions at small x together with the color glass condensate (CGC) effective theory, we demonstrate that the next-to-leading (NLO) order corrections to the cross section for the inclusive production of a pair of hard jets encode not only the Jalilian-Marian, Iancu, McLerran, Weigert, Leonidov and Kovner (JIMWLK) evolution with decreasing x, but also the Dokshitzer-Gribov-Lipatov-Altarelli-Parisi (DGLAP) evolution of the gluon distribution function and the Collins-Soper-Sterman (CSS) evolution of the gluon transverse momentum dependent (TMD) distribution. The emergent CSS equation takes the form of a rate equation describing the evolution of the dijet distribution in the transverse momentum imbalance K⊥ when increasing the dijet relative momentum P⊥. All three types of evolution become important when both P⊥ and K⊥ are much larger than the nuclear saturation momentum Qs(x) and we propose a framework which encompasses all of them. The solution to the JIMWLK equation provides the source term for the DGLAP evolution with increasing K⊥, which in turn generates the initial condition for the CSS evolution with increasing P⊥. Published by the American Physical Society 2025

• Book : 111(7)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page :
• Keyword :

• Book : 124()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.104050-104050
• Keyword :

• Book : 43()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.101923-101923
• Keyword :

• Book : 4(03)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page :
• Keyword :

ABSTRACTHIV-1 exploits host cell post-translation modifications (PTMs) to facilitate production of infectious particles. These modifications include SUMOylation, a dynamically regulated PTM involving covalent attachment of small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMOs) to lysine (K) residues of target proteins. SUMOylation modulates the activity of thousands of proteins and multiple fundamental host cellular processes, including pathways hijacked by HIV-1 to promote infection and spread. The SUMOylation of several proteins during HIV-1 infection has been characterized. However, the broad effects of HIV-1 infection on the SUMOylation of the host cell proteome is largely unknown. To date, SUMOylation has not been explored by large-scale proteomics in the context of HIV infection, where many SUMO-regulated host dependency factors remain to be identified. In this study, we performed a proteome-wide, mass spectrometry (MS)-based screen to identify proteins that are SUMOylated during HIV-1 infection. Here, and in immunoprecipitation assays, infection with HIV-1 led to the widespread increased SUMOylation of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (HNRNP) A/B family members. We selected HNRNPA2B1 (A2/B1) and HNRNPA3 for further study. We find that infection with HIV-1 specifically induced the SUMOylation of both proteins by SUMO1 and SUMO2 paralogs in multiple biochemical assays and in multiple human cell lines. Current efforts include generating non-SUMOylatable HNRNPA2B1 and HNRNPA3 mutants to test the functional consequences of their SUMOylation on the splicing of HIV-1 mRNAs. Together, our data point to a novel mechanism involving HIV-1-induced SUMOylation of these host RNA splicing factors as a means to regulate HIV-1 splice variant production. Broadly, our findings suggest that infection with HIV-1 alters the SUMOylation of many unexplored host cellular proteins, and provides a proteomic resource for their future mechanistic study.

• Book : ()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page :
• Keyword :

• Book : ()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.1-1
• Keyword :

• Book : ()
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page :
• Keyword :

Gamma spectroscopy is widely used in radioactivity analysis, and gamma spectrometers are calibratedusing certified reference materials (CRMs). The efficiency of this instrument is determined by various factors such asthe energy of the gamma rays, the distance between the sample and the detector, the volume of the sample, and thecharacteristics of the detector. After the efficiency of the instrument is calibrated, a common measurement method isto estimate the radioactivity value by measuring an unknown sample made with the same volume and density as theCRM. The sample can be a variety of materials such as food, soil, and sediment, and it may be difficult to make thesame volume as the calibration source CRM due to the scarcity of the sample or the difficulty of sampling. In thisstudy, when the sample amount was insufficient, a correction value for the difference in sample amount was derivedbased on the efficiency value calculated using the software LabSOCS of Mirion Technologies, Inc., and

• Book : 19(1)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page : pp.75-80
• Keyword :

X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) has become a pivotal technique for exploring nanoscale dynamic phenomena across various materials, facilitated by advancements in synchrotron radiation sources and beamline upgrades. The recent Extremely Brilliant Source (EBS) upgrade at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) in Grenoble, France, has notably improved brilliance and coherence length, thereby enhancing the capabilities of XPCS and related techniques. Here, we present a dedicated setup on the D2AM beamline at the ESRF, enabling simultaneous XPCS and wide-angle X-ray scattering measurements. The setup developed and its performance are detailed in the first part. Then, the XPCS capabilities are evaluated by studying polymer-based materials, with particular attention to the effects of temperature, crystallinity and macromolecular orientation on polymer dynamics. The study on the influence of temperature revealed that XPCS in the case of entangled polymers is an efficient technique to probe the dynamics of the macromolecular network, complementary to classical spectroscopy techniques. In addition, in situ measurements during the polymer crystallization revealed that increased crystallinity slows down macromolecular dynamics. Conversely, studies on stretched samples indicate that macromolecular orientation accelerates these dynamics. This work represents a novel investigation into the effect of crystallinity on macromolecular dynamics using XPCS, opening new avenues for research in polymer science.

• Book : 32(3)
• Pub. Date : 2025
• Page :
• Keyword :